Citrus in terms of soil and water salinity: A review

Citrus, one of the important fruit crops of the tropics and subtropics, is grouped as a glycophyte. The deleterious effects of salt stress lead to reduction in fruit yield and quality. The response of different citrus species to different salt(s) further brings differential responses, when fruit quality is concerned. The possible mechanisms (physical, nutritional, biochemical), which plants adapt to sustain salt stress, might provide an indication to plant breeders and biotechnologists to proceed further in crop improvement. The present study is an attempt to review the literature and explore the possible mechanisms of salt tolerance on sustainability of salinity by citrus. The role of endomycorrhizal fungi in citrus under salt stress is also discussed.